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Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to examine the effect of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) on pathological internet use (PIU). Method The study applied a group randomized controlled trial design to assign participants to intervention and control groups. A total of 40 college students aged 18 to 30 who were pathological internet users (PIUs) participated in this study and were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Participants completed a self-report scale entitled the Problematic Internet Use Scale (PIUS) at three time points. The intervention lasted 8 weeks. The data collected were statistically analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The results showed that GCBT has significant efficacy, decreasing the symptoms of PIU among the GCBT participants compared to those in the control group and that the improvements were maintained at follow-up. We also found a significant interaction effect by time for PIU. Conclusion From the study findings, we can conclude that GCBT has significant benefit for mitigating the severity of PIU in college students. Therefore, mental health professionals are encouraged to explore the benefits of GCBT in treating symptoms associated with PIU in school settings and beyond.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between impulsiveness and risky decision-making among college students with pathological internet use (PIU), as well as the moderating role of self-control.@*Methods@#Totally 542 undergraduates anonymously completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Chinese Version of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Risk Preference Questionnaire, Self-Control Scale.@*Results@#(1)In loss frames, the scores of risky decision-making with high (20.26±4.83) and medium (20.40±5.53) level of impulsiveness among college students with PIU significantly were higher than those with low (18.92±5.03) level of impulsiveness (F(2, 323)=3.79, P<0.05, η2=0.02). (2)There was a significant negative correlation between impulsiveness (60.68±10.40) and self-control (55.56±9.07)(r=-0.60, P<0.01). And there was a significant positive correlations between impulsiveness and risky decision-making in loss frames (20.12±5.26)(r=0.13, P<0.05). The risky decision-making in gain frames (17.17±4.38) was positively correlated with that in loss frames (r=0.52, P<0.01). (3)Self-control played a moderating role in the association between impulsiveness and risky decision-making in loss frames (β=0.13, t=2.31, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#In loss frames, impulsiveness is positively related with risky decision-making, and self-control plays a moderating role between impulsiveness and risky decision-making in loss frames among college students with PIU.
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Objective To explore the relationship between impulsiveness and risky decision-making among college students with pathological internet use ( PIU),as well as the moderating role of self-control. Methods Totally 542 undergraduates anonymously completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT),Chinese Version of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale,Risk Preference Questionnaire,Self-Control Scale. Results ( 1) In loss frames,the scores of risky decision-making with high (20. 26±4. 83) and medium (20. 40±5. 53) level of impulsiveness among college students with PIU significantly were higher than those with low ( 18. 92 ± 5. 03) level of impulsiveness ( F(2,323)= 3. 79,P<0. 05,η2=0. 02). (2) There was a significant negative correlation between impulsiveness (60. 68±10. 40) and self-control (55. 56±9. 07) (r=-0. 60,P<0. 01). And there was a significant positive correlations between impulsiveness and risky decision-making in loss frames (20. 12±5. 26)(r=0. 13,P<0. 05). The risky decision-making in gain frames ( 17. 17±4. 38) was positively correlated with that in loss frames (r=0. 52,P<0. 01). (3) Self-control played a moderating role in the association between impulsiveness and risky decision-making in loss frames (β=0. 13,t=2. 31,P<0. 05). Conclusion In loss frames,impulsiveness is positively related with risky decision-making,and self-control plays a moderating role between impulsiveness and risky decision-making in loss frames among col-lege students with PIU.
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OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have reported that internet addiction (IA) is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) consistently. However, in terms of gender, there are controversial findings. We aimed to investigate the relation between IA and self-acknowledged ADHD traits among female college students in Japan. METHODS: The study questionnaire consisted of questions about demographics, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1 Part A (ADHD screener) and Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT). When four or more items are more frequent than the cut-off on ADHD screener, the subject was categorized into students with a positive ADHD screen. We defined students with total IAT score of 70 and higher as IA. RESULTS: A total number of respondents was 369 (mean age: 19.0±0.7 years). Seventy-seven subjects were screened positive on ADHD screener (20.9%). Students with a positive ADHD screen scored significantly higher on the IAT (54.2±14.2 vs. 42.5±11.3). The rates of IA in students with and without a positive ADHD screen were 18.2% and 1.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results of this study demonstrated the relation between IA and self-evaluated ADHD traits among female college students in Japan. Appropriate education for students on how to use the internet properly will be necessary to prevent IA.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Demography , Education , Internet , Japan , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To explore the mediating effect of psychological flexibility in the relationship between the two dimensions of type-D personality(negative affect and social inhibition)and pathological in-ternet use.Methods 592 university students were sampled from central China district and were adminis-tered with Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale(APIUS),Type-D personality scale(DS14)and Ac-ceptance and Action Questionnaire-Second Edition(AAQ-Ⅱ).Results Pathological internet use(2.56 ± 0.61)positively correlated with negative affect(1.58±0.78)and social inhibition(1.96±0.61)(r=0.37, 0.25)respectively,and negatively correlated with psychological flexibility(4.69±1.15)(r=-0.40).Path a-nalysis with latent variables showed psychological flexibility partially but significantly mediated the predictive effect of negative affect and social inhibition on pathological internet use.The mediation rates were 56% for negative affect and 62% for social inhibition.Conclusion Psychological flexibility has significant incremen-tal validity beyond two dimensions of type-D personality,and partially mediated the effect of negative affect and social inhibition on pathological internet use.These results suggest the intervention focus of PIU can be psychological flexibility.
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Objective To examine the relationship among gratitude,coping styles,and pathological Internet use (PIU) in secondary vocational school students.Method 1 011 secondary vocational school students were tested with gratitude questionnaire,coping style questionnaire and pathological internet use questionnaire.Results The scores of gratitude,problem-solving,help-seeking,guilty,illusion,withdrawal,rationalization and PIU were respectively (5.23 ± 1.06),(0.65± 0.21),(0.50± 0.22),(0.40± 0.23),(0.47 ±0.22),(0.51 ±0.18),(0.42±0.18),(2.23±0.97).Gratitude was significantly and negatively associated with PIU(r=-0.18,P＜0.01).Moreover,the effect of gratitude on PIU was totally mediated by problem-solving,guilty,illusion,and rationalization (27.27％,33.43％,29.72％,9.58％).However,the mediating effects of help-seeking and withdrawal were not significant.Conclusion Coping styles mediate gratitude and PIU,and coping styles should be considered during pathological internet use of secondary vocational school students.
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Background: There has been an explosive growth of internet usage worldwide and this is expected to continue with its use becoming an integral part of everyday life. The internet provides tremendous educational benefits; however, excessive internet use can lead to negative outcomes such as poor school performance and social isolation. Aims & Objective: To measure the prevalence of internet addiction among secondary school students in Riyadh city, its correlates and its relation to depression. Material and Methods: A cross sectional survey, was conducted between May and June 2010, using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to randomly selected 770 secondary schools students, using 20-item Young’s internet addiction test, and the Center for epidemiological studies depression scale, with questions related to demographic, social, academic and internet use factors. Results: 716 students answered the questionnaire, 391 are males and 325 are females. Prevalence was 5.3%, with male predominance. Internet addiction was associated with a lower degree of school performance, more hours using internet every day, lower level of parental control, and higher level of depression. Conclusion: Internet addiction has psychological, physical, and social effects on adolescents’ life, which requires preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.
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ObjectiveTo investigate response monitoring function in individuals with pathological internet use(PIU) using the modified Eriksen flanker task by event-related potentials(ERPs).Methods23 individuals met Young's diagnostic questionnaire (YDQ) criteria for PIU were enrolled as research group and 23 sexual-and age matched healthy persons enrolled as control group.EEG was recorded during participants performed the modified Erikson flanker task.Reactive time (RT) and error rates were compared between two groups. BESA 5.2.0was used to perform data analysisand theerror-related negativity(ERN)amnplitudeswereanalyzed.Results False alarm rate of PIU group was higher than that of control group.A repeated measure ANOVA revealed a significant group,frontal electrode sites and group × frontal electrode sites main effect for ERN amplitudes ( for group:F =768,df=1,P =0.000 ; for frontal electrode sites:F =615,df=2,P =0.000 ; for group × frontal electrode sites:F =516,df=2,P=0.000),and a significant group,central electrode sites and group × central electrode sites main effect for ERN amplitudes ( for group:F=768,df=1,P =0.000 ; for central electrode sites:F =599,df=2,P =0.000 ; for group × central electrode sites:F =483,df=2,P =0.000).ERN amplitudes of PIU group were lower than those at control group.ConclusionIndividuals with PIU present response monitoring dysfunctions and share neuropsychological and ERPs characteristics of compulsive-impulsive spectrum disorder,which supports that PIU is an impulse disorder or at least related to impulse control disorder.
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Objective:To establish a preliminary diagnostic criteria of pathological internet use for field test in China.Methods:Through searching common "pathological internet use" diagnostic criteria or screen criteria in literature,a diagnostic criteria items pool and a preliminary diagnostic criteria of "pathological internet use" were established .According to the diagnostic criteria,each 2 senior professional psychiatrists in turn interviewed 79 patients and their parents,and then made diagnosis respectively. In addiction,44 high school students were each evaluated by one psychiatrist.The definite diagnosis was made when 2 evaluators make the same diagnosis for one patient.Result:In 123 patients,54 were pathological internet use.For diagnosis,the value of kappa for inter-rater reliability was 0.812( P<0.001).In the 12 criteria items,2 for poor inter-rater reliability and 4 for little contribution to diagnosis were eliminated.In the reserved 6 items,if 4 items(or more)were positive,the diagnostic sensitivity was 78.9% and specificity was 95.3%.Functional impairment criteria were made strictly.In the patients who were made the definite diagnosis,90.7% had duration of illness above 3 months,and 77.7% above 6 months.Conclusion:The preliminary diagnostic criteria of pathological internet use after revised includes 6 symptom criteria,3 functional impairment criteria,duration of illness and exclusive criteria.The criteria proposed is with high consistency on evaluations made by psychiatric raters,and with operational convenience.The criteria,after further revised,may fit the clinical application.
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Introducción: La adicción a Internet (AI) es una dependencia psicológica caracterizada por un incremento en las actividades que se realizan por este medio, con malestar cuando la persona no está en línea, tolerancia y negación de su problemática. Objetivos: Realizar una revisión crítica, profunda y actualizada de la literatura sobre la AI. Desarrollo y conclusión: Su importancia para la salud pública radica en el creciente aumento de su prevalencia en el mundo, especialmente en adolescentes, con graves consecuencias en la salud mental, como problemas familiares, relaciones sociales, rendimiento académico, abuso de sustancias, alcohol y cigarrillo y trastornos mentales: depresión, trastorno bipolar, défi cit de atención e hiperactividad y suicidio. Aunque la sociedad colombiana y los medios de comunicación han llamado la atención sobre su presencia y consecuencias, no hay estudios sobre la prevalencia de la AI en Colombia y sus factores de riesgo o asociados. Esto se debe, en parte, a la ausencia de instrumentos válidos y confi ables para tamizar o diagnosticar este trastorno.
Introduction: Internet Addiction (IA) is a psychological dependence. Symptoms of IA often include increased preoccupation with online activities, symptoms of withdrawal when not online, tolerance and denial of IA. Objective: The objective of this paper is to make a critical, in depth and update review of the scientifi c literature about IA. Results- conclusion: IAs importance in public health lies in the ongoing increase of its prevalence around the world especially in adolescents, with serious consequences on their mental health such as family problems, impaired social relations and academic achievement, alcohol, cigarette and other substance abuse and the presence of mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD (Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder) and suicidal behavior. Even though Colombian society and the media have shed a light upon its presence and consequences, there are not any studies about the prevalence of Internet Addiction in Colombia and its associated risk factors, explained in part by the absence of a psychometrically developed assessment instrument.
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Objective To explore the epidemic characters of Pathological Internet Usage (PIU) in the newly enrolled post-graduates and further to detect the relationship between PIU and relative social environment, etc., so as to provide more evidence for the etiology of PIU. Methods Questionnaire was conducted in 556 newly enrolled post-graduate students of a medical university. The recovery rate of the valid questionnaires was 94.72%, and the data were analyzed by chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression. Results The rate of internet-utilizing students in recent one year was 95.3%, thereinto, 5.3% of them was with internet addiction disorder. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the major impact factors were gamble, playing games, the heavy study pressure, psychoticism personality characteristic tendency and low self-respect, the OR values (95%CI) were 13.966 (1.662~117.835), 3.440 (1.401~8.450), 1.249 (1.096~1.423), 0.889 (0.821~0.963) and 2.749 (1.167~6.475), respectively (all P
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Objective: To investigate the relationships among peer attachment, self-identity, preference of online games and pathological internet use. Methods: 404 middle school students (213 boys, 191 girls) in Beijing participated in this study, and Peer Attachment Scale, Self-identity Scale, Preference of Online Games Scale and Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale were used. Results: ①Peer alienation predicted PIU significantly, but peer trust and peer communication didn’t; ②The preference of online games had significant complete mediating effects on the association between peer trust and PIU, and on that between peer alienation and PIU as well; the complete mediating effect of ego identity on the relationship between peer trust, peer communication and PIU was significant. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that there are significant relations among adolescents’ peer attachment, preference of online games, ego-identity and PIU.
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Objective:To explore the relationship of life events and internet use in junior high school students.Methods:123 7th grade students were asked to complete the Chinese Adolescent Life Events Checklist,Internet Service Preference Questionnaire for Adolescence and Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale.Results:Students' life events scores were lower than the norm significantly;Junior high school students' life events positively correlate with pathological internet use,as well as with salience,tolerance,compulsion symptoms,social comfort,and negative outcomes subscales;Internet service preference closely correlates with pathological internet use;Subjective stress,social preference of internet can predict pathological internet use significantly.Conclusion:Pathological internet use is closely related to life events and social service.
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Objective: To explore the relationships between Reinforcement sensitivity, Internet service hobby and Pathological internet use. Methods: 197 junior middle school students were administrated to complete Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation Scale(Chinese edition), Adolescents Internet Service Hobby Questionnaire, and Adolescents Pathological Internet Use Scale. Results: ①For Internet service hobby and PIUs, the Social hobby and the Entertainment hobby wre somewhat correlated to PIUs positively; however, the Information hobby and the Bargains hobby were somewhat correlated to PIUs negatively, but not significantly; ②For Reinforcement sensitivity and PIUs, Path analysis suggests, high BAS individuals were easily involved in the PIU, but high BIS individuals were not. Conclusion: Reinforcement sensitivity is a significantly predictor of PIUs, but the Internet service hobby is not.
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Objective: To explore the relationship among adolescents’ ego identity,internet service preference and pathological internet use. Methods: A survey research method was adopted in which questionnaires were administered to 404 middle school students from Junior I to Senior Ⅱ city. Results: The relationship between ego-identity achievement and pathological internet use was significantly negative(r=-0.19,P